Day: April 8, 2022

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) called N-Heterocyclic olefins as efficient phase-transfer catalysts for base-promoted alkylation reactions, Author is Blumel, Marcus; Crocker, Reece D.; Harper, Jason B.; Enders, Dieter; Nguyen, Thanh V., which mentions a compound: 616-14-8, SMILESS is CCC(CI)C, Molecular C5H11I, Category: thiomorpholine.

N-Heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), e.g., I have very recently emerged as efficient promoters for several chem. reactions due to their strong Bronsted/Lewis basicities. The novel application of NHOs as efficient phase-transfer organocatalysts for synthetically important alkylation reactions on a wide range of substrates, further demonstrates the great potential of NHOs in organic chem has been reported.

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Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem

Recommanded Product: 1-Iodo-2-methylbutane. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 1-Iodo-2-methylbutane, is researched, Molecular C5H11I, CAS is 616-14-8, about Phenotype identification of tumor-associated macrophages in mice bearing lung carcinoma. Author is Zhang, Bi-cheng; Yang, Bo; Liu, Jian; Guan, Sha; Rao, Zhi-guo; Gao, Jian-fei.

Objective To identify the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Methods LLC cells were planted in the dorsal necks of C57BL/6 mice s.c. The levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in the transplantation tumors were tested by ELISA. Co-expression of CD68/macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) and CD68/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) of TAM was detected by double-labeled immunofluorescence staining. Phagocytic capacity of TAM was assessed by yeast phagocytosis assay. Results In the mice LLC transplantation tumors, Th2 cytokine shift was found in the microenvironment. The concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-12 were (2.19 ±> 0.34) ng/mL and (1635.92 ±> 754.86) ng/mL in transplantation tumors, lower than (5.49 ±> 1.04) ng/mL and (6161.48 ±>498.49) ng/mL in normal lung tissues (P <0.05). IL-4 and IL-10 were (29.31 ±> 14.47) ng/mL and (21.54 ±> 10.72) ng/mL in transplantation tumors, higher than (16.43 ±>6.31) ng/mL and (10.71 ±>2.02) ng/mL in normal lung tissues (P <0.05). The percentage of CD68/MMR(+) TAM in all the TAM was 69.7%-83.2%, while CD68/iNOS (+) was 16.8%-30.3%. The phagocytic rate and index of the transplantation tumors were (5.42 ±> 1.74)% and 0.08 ±>0.02, much lower than (23.63 ±> 5.81)% and 0.39 ±>0.14 in normal spleen tissues with statistical significance (P <0.01). Conclusion TAM in mice bearing LLC might be polarized to the alternative activation phenotype. In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(1-Iodo-2-methylbutane)Recommanded Product: 1-Iodo-2-methylbutane, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(616-14-8).

Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem

SDS of cas: 4531-54-8. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 1-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-amine, is researched, Molecular C4H6N4O2, CAS is 4531-54-8, about Development and validation of stability – indicating RP-HPLC chromatographic method by forced degradation studies for azathioprine by related substances. Author is Hiralben, S. Mehta; Shinghvi, Indrajeet; Raj, Hasumati A..

Simple, rapid and reproducible stability-indicating methods were established for quant. determination of azathioprine using a, phenomenex 250 mm × 4.9 mm C18, 5 μm, inertsil and UV detection at 240 nm. The isocratic elution was used to quantify the analyte and the mobile phase was acetate buffer: acetonitrile: methanol (30: 35: 35) was pumped at 1.0 mL/min. The method was linear between 10-300 μg/mL, statistically validated for its linearity, precision and accuracy. In this study, degradation behavior of azathioprine was studied by subjecting the drug to various ICH stress conditions. The intra and inter day variation was found to be less than 1% showing high precision of the assay method. It was found that the excipients in the com. tablet did not interfere with the method. Developed method can routinely use for the estimation of azathioprine related compounds from the dosage form and also for stability sample.

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Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Characteristic group frequencies of bromo- and iodoalkanes in the cesium bromide region, published in 1964, which mentions a compound: 616-14-8, Name is 1-Iodo-2-methylbutane, Molecular C5H11I, SDS of cas: 616-14-8.

The infrared spectra of 74 normal and branched bromo- and iodoalkanes were recorded and studied, 667-286 cm.-1 The number and position of the frequencies characteristic of the C–X stretching vibration are dependent on the rotational isomers present as well as the structure of the alkyl substituents in the vicinity of the C–X group. Conformational structures and representative spectra are presented along with correlation charts which list the C–X stretching vibration for various primary, secondary, and tertiary bromo- and iodoalkanes.

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Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Walden inversion. XIII. The influence of substituting groups on optical rotation in the series of disubstituted acetic acids》. Authors are Levene, P. A.; Mikeska, L. A..The article about the compound:1-Iodo-2-methylbutanecas:616-14-8,SMILESS:CCC(CI)C).Recommanded Product: 1-Iodo-2-methylbutane. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:616-14-8) is conveyed.

cf. C. A. 22, 1953. The conclusion that in the aliphatic series the carbinols and the structurally related halides rotate in opposite directions is substantiated by the study of a series of aliphatic substances derived from disubstituted acetic acids or their corresponding carbinols. Primary halides rotate in the opposite direction to the primary alcs. from which they were derived, while in passing from the corresponding thio to the sulfo derivative the change in rotation is in the same direction, though without change of sign. A decided uniformity was found in the effect on optical rotation of various substitutions of the CO2H group or of the alc. group of the corresponding carbinols, depending upon the position of the subsituting group in the polarity series, C = N > CO2Et > CO2H > CONH2 > COCl > CH2SO3H > CH2X > CH2SH > CH2OH > CH2NH2. The order in this series corresponds with the order of the same groups in polarity series determined by other methods. This relationship holds only for aliphatic substances containing only 1 asym. C atom and only 1 polar group. Active primary amyl alc. was halogenated without marked racemization, while in the rest of the series conversion to the halide from the carbinol by SOCl2, PCl5, HBr, HI, etc., as well as from the amine by NOCl2, led to complete racemization. Optically active halides were obtained in the latter case by the action of NOBr. d-Propylmethylacetic acid, [α]D25 5.58° (Et2O), with SOCl2 gave the d-chloride (I), b15 45-8°; [α]D25 4.06°. I, [α]D25 3.94° (Et2O), with concentrated aqueous NH4OH gave the d-amide, m. 78° (from H2O), [α]D25 5.79° (75% alc.). l-Amide, [α]D25-5.79° (75% alc.), distilled with P2O6 gave l-propylmethylacetonitrile (II), b2 30-2°, [α]D25-13.77°. II with Na-alc. gave d-2-propyl-2-methylethylamine (III), b4 28-30°, [α]D25 3.84°, whose HCl salt had [α]D25 1.51° (50% alc.), l-Propylmethylacetic acid, [α]D25-7.08° (Et2O), with HCl gas in alc. gave the Et ester, b4 78-80°, [α]D25-7.91°. d-Acid Et ester, [α]D25 5.67° (Et2O), with Na-alc. gave l-2-propyl-2-methylethanol (IV), b. 147-7.5°, [α]D25-1.23°. IV with PCl5 or NOCl gave dl-2-propyl-2-methylethyl chloride, b. 110-20°. III with NOBr gave l-2-propyl-2-methylethyl bromide, b10 55-65°, [α]D25-0.94° (Et2O). I with KHS gave d-propylmethylthiolacetic acid, b23 71-2°, [α]D25 7.49°. d-Butylmethylacetic acid (V), [α]D25 5.42° (Et2O), with SOCl2 gave the acid chloride (VI), b9 45-8°, [α]D25 5.06°. VI with NH4OH gave the amide (VII), m. 66° (from H2O), [α]D25 3.86° (75% alc.). VII distilled with P2O5 gave the nitrile (VIII), b9 43-50°, [α]D25 9.40°. In another experiment an amide, [α]D25-11.44°, gave a nitrile, [α]D25-27.09° (Et2O). VIII with Na-alc. gave l-2-butyl-2-methylethylamine, b15 49-54°, [α]D25-3.52° (Et2O), whose HCl salt had [α]D25-2.41° (H2O). V with HCl gas and alc. gave an Et ester, b9 58-62°, [α]D25 6.84°, which with Na-alc. gave d-2-butyl-2-methylethanol, b15 71-2°, [α]D25 2.47° (Et2O). d-Heptylmethylacetic acid (IX), b4 145-7°, [α]D25, whose Na salt, [α]D25 0.84° (H2O), was treated with SOCl2, yielding the acid chloride (X), b1 73-4°, [α]D25 4.89°. X with NH4OH gave the amide (XI), m. 78° (from 50% alc.), [α]D25 7.07° (95% alc.), XI with P2O5 gave the nitrile (XII), b7 85-94°, [α]D25 13.61°. XII with Na-alc. gave 1-2-heptyl-2-methylethylamine (XIII), b24, 103-5°, [α]D25-3.38°, whose HBr salt had [°]D25-4.61° (75% alc.), In another experiment an amine, [α]D25 6.05° (Et2O), was obtained from a nitrile, [α]D25 -15.10° (Et2O). An amine, [α]D25 6.05° (Et2O), was obtained from a HBr salt, [α]D25 5.91°. XIII with HBr (fuming) and NaNO2 gave d-2-heptyl-2-methylethyl bromide, b1 80-5°, [α]D25 2.18° (Et2O). l-Heptylmethylacetic acid, [α]D26 -8.72° (Et2O), with HCl gas and alc. gave the Et ester, b17 122-4°, [α]D25 -8.60°, which with Na-alc, gave d-2-heptyl-2-methylethanol, b0.4 80-2°, [α]D25 3.64°. d-Decylmethylacetic acid, b1 153°, [α]D25 8.47°, showed no rotation when neutralized with NaOH. l-Decylmethylacetic acid (XIV), [α]D25 -6.38° (Et2O), with SOCl2 gave the acid chloride (XV), b0.5 118-25°, [α]D25 -3.5°, which was hydrolyzed, yielding an acid, [α]D25 -5.78° (Et2O). XV with NH4OH gave the amide, m. 77° (from 50% alc.), [α]D25 -3.01° (95% alc.), which with P2O5 gave the nitrile, b0.5 108-10°, [α]D25 -10.87° (Et2O), which with Na-alc. gave d-2-decyl-2-methylethylamine (XVI), [α]D25 4.18°, whose HCl salt, m. 105-18°, [α]D25 3.17° (H2O). XIV with HCl gas and alc. gave an Et ester, b1 141°, [α]D25 -6.48°, which with Na-alc. gave l-2-decyl-2-methylethanol, b1.4 105°, [α]D25 2.34°, XVI with NOBr gave l-2-decyl-2-methylethyl bromide, b0.02 87-90°, [α]D25 -0.39. Primary l-amyl alc., [α]D25 -4.73° (Et2O), with HI gave d-2-ethyl-2-methylethyl iodide, b12 47-50°, [α]D25 3.92° (Et2O), which with KHS gave d-2-ethyl-2-methylethanethiol, b. 116-7°, [α]D25 2.99°. In another experiment an iodide, [α]D25 5.27° (Et2O), gave a mercaptan, [α]D25 6.92°, which with Ba(MnO4)2 gave d-2-ethyl-2-methylethanesulfonic acid, whose Ba salt had [α]D25 5.09° (H2O). A table of mol. rotations of the various derivatives, which do not necessarily agree with the exptl. figures, is appended. These values were calculated on the basis of the parent substance of the highest rotation. There is also a table of d.

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Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Analysis of rotatory dispersions of configurationally related halides》. Authors are Levene, P. A.; Rothen, Alexandre; Marker, R. E..The article about the compound:1-Iodo-2-methylbutanecas:616-14-8,SMILESS:CCC(CI)C).COA of Formula: C5H11I. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:616-14-8) is conveyed.

Rotatory dispersion curves of halides of the type HMeRC(CH2)nX (X = Cl, Br, I; R = alkyl group; n = 0, 1, 2 or 3) are analyzed in the visible and the ultraviolet regions. The 3 halogen atoms function similarly with respect to the character of this curve in compounds of identical structure. A periodicity in the sign of some of the partial contributions of the halogen atom occurs with increase in n. The course of the rotatory dispersion when n = 1 is anomalous. An attempt is made to apply results when n > 0 to the sign of rotation for compounds where n = 0. When X = COOH, CHO, CN, CHMe2, etc., no complete analogy exists between this group and the group where X is a halogen. [M]D25 maximum (homogeneous) is given for the 16 compounds where X = Br, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and R = Et, Pr, Bu, pentyl, and for the compound HMeEtC(CH2)5Br. Absorption spectra are given for λ 2100-3300 for 5 iodides. Rotatory dispersion curves are given for the compounds HMeEtCCH2I, HMe(C6H13)CCH2I, HMeEtCCH2Br and HMeEtCCH2Cl. [M]D25 maximum, nD25, d425 (vacuum) and rotatory dispersions (numerical) are given for several other compounds in this series. Differences between the interpretation of the dispersions of the iodides given by the authors (C. A. 27, 951) and that given by Kuhn (C. A. 29, 7159.1) are due to substantial differences between their exptl. data.

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Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called SPME-GC-MS analysis of volatile components in fruits of the frozen Ficus tikoua Bur., published in 2016, which mentions a compound: 616-14-8, mainly applied to SPME GC MS volatile component Ficus, Recommanded Product: 616-14-8.

This thesis developed an SPME-GC-MS method for the aroma components in Ficus tikoua Bur. fruit. At the same time, the solid-phase micro extraction conditions were optimized: extraction temperature was 50°C, the extraction time was 40 min, added 8 g of sodium chloride electrolyte solid extraction Frozen Ficus tikoua Bur. fruit was detected out of 152 kinds of volatile substances, substances detected in 99.03%of the total. The main aroma components were esters, accounting for 33.06%; alcs., accounting for 13.14%; alkanes, accounting for 13.18%; there ketones, aldehydes, acids and other substances. Higher levels of 10 kinds of aroma components were guaiacol (14.71%), cyclobutane carboxylic acid dodecyl ester (13.54%), n-tridecane (6.05%), 2-tridecanone (4.72%), cyclohexasiloxane (4.44%), cyclobutane carboxylic acid decyl ester (4.18%), Me nonyl ketone (3.62%), acetic acid (2.98%), cyclopentanecarboxylic acid thirteen ester (2.48%), 2-tetradecanol (2.31%) and so on.

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Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 1-Iodo-2-methylbutane, is researched, Molecular C5H11I, CAS is 616-14-8, about Two Distinct Thermal Stabilities of DNA and Enzymatic Activities of DNase I in a Multistep Assembly with Carbazole Ligands: Different Binding Characteristics for Duplex and Quadruplex DNA.Electric Literature of C5H11I.

A partially hydrophobic carbazole ligand ((Im+)2Cz: 2,2′-(9-ethyl-9 H-carbazole-3,6-diyl)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl)bis(1,3-dimethyl-1 H-imidazol-3-ium)) adopts two different binding states (binding states I and II) in its interactions with calf-thymus (ct-) DNA. Two distinct binding states were identified by biphasic UV/Vis and CD spectral changes during the titration of DNA into the carbazole ligand. At low concentrations of ct-DNA, (Im+)2Cz binds to nearly every part of ct-DNA (binding state I). By contrast, an increased concentration of ct-DNA results in a switch in the DNA-binding state, so that the ligands are bound per five DNA base pairs. Similarly, a monocationic carbazole ligand (Im+Cz: 2-((6-bromo-9-ethyl-9 H-carbazol-3-yl)ethynyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-imidazol-3-ium) also shows biphasic UV/Vis spectral changes during the titration of ct-DNA into Im+Cz, which suggests two different binding states of the Im+Cz ligand with ct-DNA. The stepwise equilibrium of the ligand-DNA-complex formation is capable of switching the thermal stability of ct-DNA, as well as the enzymic activity of DNase (DNase I). In binding state I, the (Im+)2Cz ligands interact with nearly every base pair in ct-DNA and stabilize the double-helix structure, which results in a larger increase in the melting temperature of the ct-DNA than that observed with binding state II. On the other hand, the (Im+)2Cz ligand significantly reduces the enzymic activity of DNase I in binding state I, although the enzymic activity is recovered once the binding state of the ligand-DNA complex is changed to binding state II. The (Im+)2Cz ligand was also employed as a binder for G-quadruplex DNA. In contrast to the stepwise complex formation between (Im+)2Cz and ct-DNA, (Im+)2Cz shows a monotonous UV/Vis spectral response during the titration of G-quadruplex DNA into (Im+)2Cz, which suggests a single binding state for (Im+)2Cz with G-quadruplex DNA.

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Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Optical rotation and atomic dimension》. Authors are Brauns, D. H..The article about the compound:1-Iodo-2-methylbutanecas:616-14-8,SMILESS:CCC(CI)C).Recommanded Product: 616-14-8. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:616-14-8) is conveyed.

The 1-F, 1-Cl, 1-Br and 1-I derivatives of 2-methylbutane have [M]D20 -799.1°, 179.1°, 610.1° and 1124.7°, resp. If the F derivative is classified with the other halogen derivatives, the values for the ratio Cl-F, Br-Cl and I-Br are 41:18.1:21.6 which agree well with the ratios of the resp. at. diameters.

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Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Action of ionizing radiation on simple organic compounds》. Authors are Napier, K. H.; Green, J. H..The article about the compound:1-Iodo-2-methylbutanecas:616-14-8,SMILESS:CCC(CI)C).Safety of 1-Iodo-2-methylbutane. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:616-14-8) is conveyed.

I131 in a hydrocarbon was irradiated either with β-rays from a 500 mc. Sr90-Y90 source or with γ-rays from a 5 c. Cs137 source. The distribution of resulting iodinated products were analyzed by gas chromatography. From butane the following percentages of alkyl iodides were obtained: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, sec-butyl, n-butyl (9, 20, 2, 47, 22, resp.). At some stages in the radiolysis, HI can be as high as 20%.

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Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem