Inukai, Norie; Kawai, Tsuyoshi; Yuasa, Junpei published the article 《Two Distinct Thermal Stabilities of DNA and Enzymatic Activities of DNase I in a Multistep Assembly with Carbazole Ligands: Different Binding Characteristics for Duplex and Quadruplex DNA》. Keywords: DNA DNase I multistep carbazole ligand duplex quadruplex.They researched the compound: 1-Iodo-2-methylbutane( cas:616-14-8 ).HPLC of Formula: 616-14-8. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:616-14-8) here.
A partially hydrophobic carbazole ligand ((Im+)2Cz: 2,2′-(9-ethyl-9 H-carbazole-3,6-diyl)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl)bis(1,3-dimethyl-1 H-imidazol-3-ium)) adopts two different binding states (binding states I and II) in its interactions with calf-thymus (ct-) DNA. Two distinct binding states were identified by biphasic UV/Vis and CD spectral changes during the titration of DNA into the carbazole ligand. At low concentrations of ct-DNA, (Im+)2Cz binds to nearly every part of ct-DNA (binding state I). By contrast, an increased concentration of ct-DNA results in a switch in the DNA-binding state, so that the ligands are bound per five DNA base pairs. Similarly, a monocationic carbazole ligand (Im+Cz: 2-((6-bromo-9-ethyl-9 H-carbazol-3-yl)ethynyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-imidazol-3-ium) also shows biphasic UV/Vis spectral changes during the titration of ct-DNA into Im+Cz, which suggests two different binding states of the Im+Cz ligand with ct-DNA. The stepwise equilibrium of the ligand-DNA-complex formation is capable of switching the thermal stability of ct-DNA, as well as the enzymic activity of DNase (DNase I). In binding state I, the (Im+)2Cz ligands interact with nearly every base pair in ct-DNA and stabilize the double-helix structure, which results in a larger increase in the melting temperature of the ct-DNA than that observed with binding state II. On the other hand, the (Im+)2Cz ligand significantly reduces the enzymic activity of DNase I in binding state I, although the enzymic activity is recovered once the binding state of the ligand-DNA complex is changed to binding state II. The (Im+)2Cz ligand was also employed as a binder for G-quadruplex DNA. In contrast to the stepwise complex formation between (Im+)2Cz and ct-DNA, (Im+)2Cz shows a monotonous UV/Vis spectral response during the titration of G-quadruplex DNA into (Im+)2Cz, which suggests a single binding state for (Im+)2Cz with G-quadruplex DNA.
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Reference:
Thiomorpholine – Wikipedia,
Thiomorpholine | C4H9NS – PubChem